The Republic of Turkey or
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), is a
bicontinental country that is located mainly in the Middle
East (Southwest Asia) and partly in Southeast Europe;
The Anatolian peninsula comprises most (97%) of its territory,
and is situated between the Black Sea on the north and
the Mediterranean Sea to south and west, with the Aegean
Sea (and Marmara Sea) in between. A small portion of the
country's territory (3%) is situated in southeastern Europe,
west of the Bosphorus straits.
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Living in Turkey
Turkey is currently seeking membership
of the European Union. December 17th 2004 marked the
official opening of talks for the accession of Turkey
to the European Union, and it remains one of the main
issues in Turkish foreign diplomacy. Turkish ambitions
to join the European Union in the early 1960s soon resulted
in associate status in the European Economic Community.
The Turkish government hoped that full membership would
follow in the years to come. Unfortunately, turbulence
from the 1970s until the late 1980s forced Turkey to
delay formally applying to join the European Community
until 1987. The application was rejected, although the
EC did say that Turkish membership could occur at some
point in the future.
An EU-Turkey Customs Union came into force on January
1, 1996 allowing goods to travel between the Turkey
and European Union member states without customs restrictions,
although it crucially stopped short of lifting restrictions
in such areas as agriculture.
The European Union confirmed Turkey's status as candidate
for membership at its Helsinki conference in 1999. The
Turkish Accession talks did not follow immediately however,
as the EU said Turkey had to make significant reforms,
particularly in the field of human rights, before the
talks could begin. On October 03, 2005, The European
Union and Turkey announced in Luxembourg a negotiating
framework that will allow formal talks on Turkish membership
of the EU to begin. It is estimated that Turkey's full
membership into the bloc will take 10-15 years. Turkey
will be the only predominantly Muslim country to be
part of the European Union.
The majority of the Turkish population (more than 70%)
is of Turkish ethnicity, who speak the official language
of the country, Turkish. The largest by far ethnic minority
are the Kurds, a distinct ethnic group concentrated
in the east, consisting of 10-25% of the total population.
The 1965 census determined that 7.1% of the population
used the Kurdish as the primary language and the knowledge
of the language was stated by the 12.7% of the population
in total, but there are many Turkish-speaking Kurds,
especially in the cities outside Turkish Kurdistan.
Other minorities include Abkhaz, Albanians, Arabs,
Armenians, Assyrians, Bosniaks, Chaldeans, Chechens,
Circassians, Greeks, Georgians, Hamshenis, Jews, Laz,
Levantines, Ossetians, Pomaks, Roma, Syriacs, and Zazas.
The term "minority" itself remains a sensitive
issue in Turkey, since the Turkish State only considers
the communities mentioned in the text of Treaty of Lausanne
(namely, Greek Orthodox, Armenian, and Jewish communities)
as minorities (azinlik or ekalliyet).
Due to a demand for an increased labour force in Western
Europe between 1960 and 1980 many Turkish citizens emigrated
to West Germany, the Netherlands, France and other Western
European countries, forming a significant overseas population.
Recently, many have also settled in Russia and other
neighbouring countries.
Number of inhabitants in thousands.Nominally, 98%
of the population is Muslim. Most belong to the Sunni
branch of Islam. About 15-20% of the population are
Alevi Muslims. There is also a Twelver Shia minority,
mainly of Azeri descent. Jewish, and Christian Greek
Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic (Gregorian), Roman Catholic
and Protestant minorities are also present, as well
as Yezidis. Although, unlike other majority Muslim countries,
there is a strong tradition of separation of church
and state in Turkey, in practice this means rather the
subordination of religion to the state instead of what
Westerners would consider separation. The Turkish constitution
recognizes freedom of religion for individuals, but
explicitly states that religious communities derive
no rights at all from this. The mainstream Hanafi school
of Sunni Islam is largely organized by the state, through
Diyanet Isleri Baskanligi (Department of Religious Affairs).
The Diyanet is the main Islamic framework established
after abolition of the Ulama and Seyh-ul-Islam of the
old régime. As a consequence, they control all
mosques and Muslim clerics. Imams are trained in Imam
vocational schools and at theology departments at universities.
The department supports Sunni Islam and has comissions
authorized to give Fatwa judgments on Islamic issues.
The department is criticized by the Alevi muslims for
not supporting their beliefs.
Provinces Turkey
Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces (iller, singular
- il). Each province is divided into subprovinces (ilçeler
in Turkish; singular ilçe). Provincial capital,
also called the central subprovince usually bears the
same name as the province; the exceptions are Hatay
(cap: Antakya), Kocaeli (cap: Izmit), and Sakarya (cap:
Adapazari).
Major Provinces
Istanbul 11 million
Ankara 4 million
Izmir 3.5 million
Bursa 2.1 million
Konya 2.2 million
Adana 1.8 million
Moving from Turkey
Moving from Turkey. Europe Movers Turkey.
Moving from Turkey to Albania.
Moving from Turkey to Austria.
Moving from Turkey to Belarus.
Moving from Turkey to Belgium.
Moving from Turkey to Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Moving from Turkey to Bulgaria.
Moving from Turkey to Croatia.
Moving from Turkey to Cyprus.
Moving from Turkey to Czech Republic.
Moving from Turkey to Denmark.
Moving from Turkey to Estonia.
Moving from Turkey to Finland.
Moving from Turkey to France.
Moving from Turkey to Macedonia.
Moving from Turkey to Germany.
Moving from Turkey to Greece.
Moving from Turkey to Hungary.
Moving from Turkey to Iceland.
Moving from Turkey to Ireland.
Moving from Turkey to Italy.
Moving from Turkey to Latvia.
Moving from Turkey to Lithuania.
Moving from Turkey to Luxembourg.
Moving from Turkey to Malta.
Moving from Turkey to Moldova.
Moving from Turkey to Netherlands.
Moving from Turkey to Norway.
Moving from Turkey to Poland.
Moving from Turkey to Portugal.
Moving from Turkey to Romania.
Moving from Turkey to Russia.
Moving from Turkey to Serbia and Montenegro.
Moving from Turkey to Slovakia.
Moving from Turkey to Slovenia.
Moving from Turkey to Spain.
Moving from Turkey to Sweden.
Moving from Turkey to Switzerland.
Moving from Turkey to Turkey.
Moving from Turkey to Ukraine.
Moving from Turkey to United Kingdom.
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